Ranking
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Time-related underemployment refers to all persons in employment who (i) wanted to work additional hours, (ii) had worked less than a specified hours threshold (working time in all jobs), and (iii) were available to work additional hours given an opportunity for more work.
As of 2025, Ecuador ranks first with 16.40%, followed by Chile (8.42%) and Spain (8.39%).
Ecuador is 1.9 times higher than Chile, the runner-up.
Across 17 countries and territories, values run from 16.40% (Ecuador) to 0.29% (Pakistan), with a median of 5.16%.
By region, the top 10 is made up of 7 from the Americas and 3 from Europe.
Source: World Bank Open Data β Time-related underemployment, female (% of employment), 2025. Unit: %.
Source: World Bank Open Data β Time-related underemployment, female (% of employment) Β· CC BY 4.0 Β· fetched Oct 17, 2026