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Ratio of outstanding offshore bank loans to GDP. An offshore bank is a bank located outside the country of residence of the depositor, typically in a low tax jurisdiction (or tax haven) that provides financial and legal advantages. Offshore bank loan data from BIS Statistical Appendix Table 7A: External loans and deposits of reporting banks vis-à-vis all sectors.
As of 2021, Marshall Islands ranks first with 2,132.58%, followed by Bermuda (1,081.09%) and Luxembourg (352.33%).
Marshall Islands is 2 times higher than Bermuda, the runner-up.
Across 123 countries and territories, values run from 2,132.58% (Marshall Islands) to 0.06% (Algeria), with a median of 19.15%.
By region, the top 10 is made up of 4 from Europe, 3 from the Americas, 2 from Asia and 1 from Oceania.
Source: World Bank Open Data — Loans from nonresident banks (amounts outstanding) to GDP (%), 2021. Unit: %.
Source: World Bank Open Data — Loans from nonresident banks (amounts outstanding) to GDP (%) · CC BY 4.0 · fetched Oct 17, 2026