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The indicator assesses expert perceptions of the extent to which public authorities enforce equal rights between women and men to confer citizenship on their spouse and children in practice. Experts rate enforcement on a five-point Likert scale (0–4), where 0 indicates no enforcement of protective or beneficial laws, no upholding of women’s rights, or full enforcement of restrictive laws, and 4 indicates full enforcement of protective or beneficial laws, the full upholding of women’s rights, or no enforcement of restrictive laws. Enforcement perceptions indicator-level scores are calculated by taking the median value of individual expert responses on the five-point Likert scale (0–4) for eac
As of 2025, Albania ranks first with 4.0, followed by Algeria (4.0) and Angola (4.0).
The top two are virtually level: Albania and Algeria differ by less than 1%.
Across 165 countries and territories, values run from 4.0 (Albania) to 0.0 (Togo), with a median of 4.0.
By region, the top 10 is made up of 3 from Europe, 2 from Africa, 2 from the Americas, 2 from Asia and 1 from Oceania.
Source: World Bank Open Data — WBL: Enforcement Perceptions, Mobility, Public authorities enforce equal rights between women and men to confer citizenship on their spouse and children, 2025. Unit: indicator value.
Source: World Bank Open Data — WBL: Enforcement Perceptions, Mobility, Public authorities enforce equal rights between women and men to confer citizenship on their spouse and children · CC BY 4.0 · fetched Oct 17, 2026