1
🇮🇱Israel
6.35%
2
🇱🇮Liechtenstein
6.01%
3
🇰🇷South Korea
4.94%
4
🇸🇪Sweden
3.60%
5
🇺🇸United States
3.45%
6
🇯🇵Japan
3.44%
7
🇧🇪Belgium
3.27%
8
🇦🇹Austria
3.26%
9
🇨🇭Switzerland
3.22%
10
🇩🇪Germany
3.15%
11
🇫🇮Finland
3.09%
12
🇩🇰Denmark
3.05%
13
🇬🇧United Kingdom
2.68%
14
🇮🇸Iceland
2.64%
15
🇨🇳China
2.58%
16
🇳🇱Netherlands
2.27%
17
🇫🇷France
2.18%
18
🇸🇮Slovenia
2.13%
19
🇳🇴Norway
1.85%
20
🇪🇪Estonia
1.84%
21
🇨🇿Czechia
1.83%
22
🇨🇦Canada
1.81%
23
🇵🇹Portugal
1.69%
24
🇮🇪Ireland
1.59%
25
🇵🇱Poland
1.56%
26
🇳🇿New Zealand
1.55%
27
🇬🇷Greece
1.49%
28
🇪🇸Spain
1.49%
29
🇹🇷Türkiye
1.42%
30
🇭🇷Croatia
1.39%
31
🇮🇹Italy
1.38%
32
🇭🇺Hungary
1.38%
33
🇧🇷Brazil
1.19%
34
🇭🇰Hong Kong
1.11%
35
🇱🇺Luxembourg
1.07%
36
🇱🇹Lithuania
1.05%
37
🇪🇬Egypt
1.03%
38
🇸🇰Slovakia
1.03%
39
🇹🇭Thailand
0.94%
40
🇷🇺Russia
0.94%
41
🇷🇸Serbia
0.88%
42
🇱🇻Latvia
0.82%
43
🇰🇪Kenya
0.80%
44
🇧🇬Bulgaria
0.79%
45
🇷🇼Rwanda
0.78%
46
🇺🇾Uruguay
0.70%
47
🇨🇾Cyprus
0.68%
48
🇲🇹Malta
0.65%
49
🇦🇷Argentina
0.60%
50
🇧🇾Belarus
0.57%
Highlights
As of 2023, Israel ranks first with 6.35%, followed by Liechtenstein (6.01%) and South Korea (4.94%).
Across 84 countries and territories, values run from 6.35% (Israel) to 0.01% (Guatemala), with a median of 0.81%.
By region, the top 10 is made up of 6 from Europe, 3 from Asia and 1 from the Americas.
Source: World Bank Open Data — Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2023. Unit: % of GDP.
Source: World Bank Open Data — Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) · CC BY 4.0 · fetched Oct 13, 2026